0. Executive Summary
Judgment axis | Key judgment |
| Item Identity | National Forest Seed & Variety Management Center Standard Walnut Juglans regia L. ( National Forest Science Institute ) |
| Key role | Domestic short-term income forest products, shelled walnuts, shelled walnut kernels, and raw materials for confectionery, baking, powder, paste, and oil |
| Harvesting principle | Manage Cultivar, Origin, Harvest Date, Skin Maturity, and Dryness as Lot requirements. |
| Product separation | Shelled Walnuts, Shelled Walnuts, Half-nuts, Minced Nuts, Powder, Paste, Oil (Sold Separately) |
| Separation of similar items | Entity separate from other plant species such as almonds and pecans |
| Based on domestic statistics | Walnuts are an independent survey item in the Korea Forest Service's Forest Products Production Survey, investigating production volume and value. Results are published in October of the year following the survey base year. ( KOFPI ) |
| Latest domestic production volume | 2024 National Walnut Production and Value: Detailed table of raw data from the Forest Products Production Survey to be entered after verification. |
| Ministry of Industry | The Korea Forest Service included walnuts in the 2024 survey on production costs of 11 major forest products and announced them as one of the high-yield forest products. ( Southern National Forest Management Office ) |
| Variety management | Gimcheon No. 1 and others are managed as internal walnut cultivar. The National Forest Variety Protection System applies. ( National Institute of Forest Science ) |
| Flowering characteristics | The Korea National Arboretum describes the flowering period of the walnut tree as around May and states that it is a wind-pollinated flower. ( KNA Forest ) |
| Safety Management | Food Safety Korea designates walnuts as a domestic allergen subject to labeling. ( Food Safety Korea ) |
| Quality Risk | Poor drying, high moisture, mold, rancidity, insect damage, breakage, peel contamination, allergic cross-contact |
| Operating Principles | Cultivar–Origin–Harvest–Bark Removal–Drying–Dehulling–Quality–Processing–Lot–RFQ Connection |
| Final goal | Feedback of recurring transactions between domestic timber farmers and importers, processing companies, confectionery firms, and distribution buyers into variety, production, and processing data. |
Walnuts differ from the aforementioned item, almonds, in that their supply chain structure is independently managed domestically through the Korea Forest Service's Forest Products Production Survey . The Forest Products Production Survey investigates the production volume and value of 145 items across 14 categories nationwide, and walnuts have been included in the sample survey since 2013, along with chestnuts, jujubes, and astringent persimmons. ( KOFPI )
1. Plant Identity & Product Master
Basic fields | detail |
| Korean name | walnut |
| English name | Walnut / Persian Walnut / English Walnut |
| Representative scientific name | Juglans regia L. ( National Institute of Forest Science ) |
| classification | Juglans genus, woody fruit trees of the Juglandaceae family |
| Edible parts | The seed and cotyledon inside the hard shell, collectively known as the walnut flesh. |
| Non-edible · Separate management | Green outer bark, woody bark, leaves, branches, pruning residue |
| Major harvesting stages | Immature fruit → Mature fruit → Dehiscence/Separation of exoskeleton → Dried shelled walnut → Shelled seed |
| Basic product form | Walnut shell, whole walnut kernel, half-shell, chopped, powder, paste, oil |
| Basic processing stage | Dough removal, washing, drying, shelling, sorting, roasting, cutting, grinding, pressing |
| Basic use | Raw Food · Snacks · Confectionery · Baked Food · Korean Traditional Sweets · Salad · Sauce · Paste · Oil · PB |
| Principle of similar items | Pecans and other Juglans species besides Juglans regia are separate Plant Entities |
Product Master
Product ID | Actual product form | Key Management Standards |
| WALNUT-P01 | Grafted seedlings and saplings for cultivation | Cultivar · Seedling Source · Grafting History |
| WALNUT-P02 | Skin attachment immediately after harvest and | Harvest date, skin maturity, and fruit soundness |
| WALNUT-P03 | dried walnut shells | Moisture, shell condition, weight, pests |
| WALNUT-P04 | Shelled whole walnut shell | Kernel color, size, damage, moisture |
| WALNUT-P05 | Half a walnut | Half Kernel Ratio/Uniformity |
| WALNUT-P06 | Walnut pieces | Size, damage, foreign matter |
| WALNUT-P07 | Crushed walnuts | Particle size, moisture, rancidity |
| WALNUT-P08 | Roasted walnuts | Roast Profile · Color · Aroma · Moisture |
| WALNUT-P09 | Walnut powder | Particle size, moisture, fat, microorganisms |
| WALNUT-P10 | Walnut paste | Particle size, viscosity, and oil separation |
| WALNUT-P11 | Confectionery and baking ingredients | Size, damage, color, rancidity |
| WALNUT-P12 | Walnut oil | Pressing, refining status, acid value, rancidity |
| WALNUT-P13 | PB · Finished Products | Ingredient Traceability · Allergy Labeling · Use-by Date |
2. Product Classification & Use Segmentation
Classification criteria | Subdivision type | Management principles |
| Plant classification | Juglans regia L. | Basic Plant Entity |
| Species | Other Juglans spp. | Separate Entity after verifying scientific name |
| Cultivar | Verified varieties such as Gimcheon No. 1 | Cultivar ID |
| production site | Domestic cities and counties and overseas countries | Origin Entity |
| Harvesting stage | Immature, mature, skin cracking, dry | Harvest Stage |
| Shell status | In-shell·Shelled | Product Separation |
| Kernel type | Whole·Half·Piece·Granule·Powder | Buyer Spec |
| Processing form | Raw · Roasted · Paste · Oil | Product ID |
| Cultivation method | Cultivation in orchards and mountain forests | Production Type |
| Final use | Raw food, confectionery, baked goods, Korean sweets, sauces, oils | Buyer Specification |
| Transaction type | Source Procurement · Contract Farming · Import · Processed Raw Materials · OEM/PB | Contract NDA |
3. Production, Harvest & Post-harvest
step | Essential Dataset | Management purpose |
| Cultivation plan | Cultivar · Area · Receipt · Buyer Use | Long-term production plan |
| Seedlings and grafts | Varieties · Rootstocks · Nursery Source | breed tracking |
| formula | Official Year · Distance · Orchard ID | production base |
| Pension management | Pruning, canopy, and fruiting branches | productivity |
| Winter Management | Low temperature, dormancy, and frost damage | Survival and blooming |
| flowering | Female and male flower season | Moisture management |
| moisture | Wind pollination, variety combination, weather | Fruit set stability |
| Fruit set | Fruit set and fruit drop | Yield prediction |
| rising | Temperature, rainfall, sunlight, and disasters | Production risk |
| Watering | Soil moisture and irrigation amount | Growth and fruiting |
| dispute | Input materials and timing | Production history |
| pests | Occurrence and Control | Quantity and quality |
| Maturity assessment | Coat color, dehiscence, internal maturity | Harvest season |
| harvest | Harvest date, method, and weight | Harvest Lot |
| Remove outer shell | Removal time, contamination, loss | quality |
| purifying | Removal of foreign matter and shell residue | hygiene |
| dry | Time, temperature, humidity, and seed moisture | Mold and storage stability |
| Selecting walnut shells | Size, shell condition, and pests | Grade |
| peeling | Kernel recovery amount · Damage | Shelling Yield |
| Walnut shell selection | Color · Whole/Half · Flaws | Buyer Grade |
| stir-fry | Time, temperature, and roasting level | Snack |
| Cutting/Splitting | Size/Damage | Bakery |
| smash | Island | Powder/Paste |
| pressure | Oil yield | Oil |
| save | Temperature, humidity, oxygen, and period | Antioxidation |
| packaging | Blocking oxygen and moisture | circulation |
| shipment | Buyer · Lot · Delivery Date | Delivery |
4. Quality Specification & Lot Management
Quality items | walnut | Shelled walnut | processed goods | finished product | Public rating |
| Species | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Public |
| Cultivar | essential | succession | Raw material standards | tracking | Verified |
| mountainous district | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Public |
| Forestry and farming households | ID | succession | tracking | tracking | Verified |
| Lot | essential | new | new | new | Verified/NDA |
| Harvest year | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Verified |
| Harvest day | essential | succession | succession | tracking | Verified |
| Shell condition | core | - | - | - | Member |
| appearance | core | Kernel core | Raw Material Evaluation | Product Standards | Member |
| weight | Fault and packaging | Kernel | Input and Output | Display amount | Member |
| size | core | Kernel Grade | Raw material specifications | Product Standards | Member |
| color | - | core | core | Product Standards | Verified |
| Whole/Half ratio | - | core | Raw material specifications | Product Standards | Verified |
| break | Check Shell | core | By product | Product Standards | Verified |
| insect pests | essential | essential | Non-conformity exclusion | management | Verified |
| mold | essential | essential | core | Product Standards | Verified |
| foreign matter/shell fragments | check | core | essential | essential | Verified |
| moisture | Drying core | core | By product | Product Standards | Verified |
| pesticide residues | Legal standards | succession | check | Legal standards | Verified/NDA |
| Mycotoxins | Risk-based inspection | importance | By product | Legal standards | Verified/NDA |
| microorganism | If necessary | importance | core | Product Standards | Verified/NDA |
| allergy | Raw material identification | Essential Management | Process Management | Indication required | Public/Verified |
| rancidity | Storage Management | core | Paste/Oil Key Points | Product Standards | Verified |
| Roasting | - | corresponding | core | tracking | NDA |
| Island | - | Piece/Granule | Powder/Paste | Product Standards | Verified |
| Processing history | - | corresponding | essential | essential | NDA |
| packaging | walnut | B2B | Oxygen blockade | Labeling packaging | Member |
| save | dry | Rancidity management | By product | By product | Verified |
| Expiration date | The relevant city | By product | Test-based | mark | Verified |
| Shipment | record | record | record | record | Verified |
| Returns and Claims | record | record | record | record | NDA |
| Repurchase | connection | connection | connection | connection | NDA |
Lot Master Required Field
Lot ID · Item · Product Type · Species · Scientific Name · Cultivar · Origin · Orchard · Producer/Forest Household · Seedling · Grafting Source · Planting Year · Age · Flowering · Pollination · Fruit Set Information · Harvest Date · Harvest Year · Shell Removal Date · Shelled Walnut Weight · Size · Grade · Dry Moisture · Shelling Date · Kernel Weight · Color · Whole/Half/Piece Grade · Damage · Pest Damage · Mold · Shell Contamination · Pesticide Use History · Pesticide Residues · Mycotoxins · Microbial Test Report · Storage History · Raw Material Lot · Roasting · Cutting · Grinding · Paste · Pressing History · Allergy Cross-Contact Management · Packaging Date · Use-by Date · Shipper · Returns · Claims · Repurchase
5. Korea Market & Demand Structure
Customers | Purchase criteria | Cooperation opportunities |
| Forestry cooperatives and producer organizations | Cultivar · Origin · Harvest Year | Joint screening |
| Forest product distributor | Walnut shell, walnut kernel, standard | Procurement from production areas |
| Traditional Markets & Wholesale | Size, Dryness, Origin | Regular supply |
| Nut specialty company | Kernel Color · Whole/Half · Moisture | B2B |
| Stir-fry and seasoning companies | Size, moisture, rancidity | Processing contract |
| Korean traditional sweets and traditional foods | Domestic, Powder, Color, Scent | Local Premium |
| confectionery company | Half-Piece Granule | Ingredient RFQ |
| Baking and Bakery | Powder | Regular ingredients |
| granola and cereal | Piece·Roasted | B2B |
| Salad · HMR | Whole Piece | Foodservice |
| Paste manufacturer | Color, rancidity, particle size | Processing |
| Oil manufacturing | Kernel Quality and Retention Yield | Oil RFQ |
| School and public meals | Country of Origin · Safety · Allergy | Supply Control |
| Large retailers and online | Domestic/Imported/Small Packaging | Retail/PB |
| importer | Origin · Crop Year · Size | Import RFQ |
| PB·OEM | Stir-fry, minced meat, snack, oil | Product Development |
| Research and technology institutions | Variety, drying, storage, processing | Joint demonstration |
6. Trade & Supply-chain Intelligence
step | Key variables | Operational judgment |
| Domestic production by forestry workers | Cultivar · Age · Area · Crop Conditions | Local Supply |
| Overseas production | Country · Crop Year · Crop Conditions | Import Supply |
| Contract farming and procurement | Peeled walnut / Walnut kernel · Uses | Purchase Plan |
| Harvesting and peeling | Maturity and timing of work | quality |
| dry | Moisture, weather, facilities | Storage Risk |
| Selecting walnut shells | Size · Shell defects | In-shell Grade |
| peeling | Kernel Yield · Damage | Processing Economics |
| Kernel screening | Color · Whole/Half | Buyer Grade |
| Import and Customs Clearance | HS · Origin · Inspection | Import Lot |
| Roasting and grinding | Product yield | Domestic Processing |
| Paste and oil | Quality and yield | Ingredient |
| Storage and delivery | Rancidity, temperature and humidity, delivery time | Buyer Evaluation |
| RFQ · Repurchase | Price · Quality · Claim | Supplier Ranking |
Import and export management
item | Management principles |
| HS Code | Fresh and dried shelled walnuts, shelled walnuts, roasted and processed products, and walnut oil are classified by product state using the current Korea Customs Service HSK. |
| Walnut import volume | Input after verification of raw data from the Korea Customs Service's import and export trade statistics. |
| import volume of shelled walnuts | Input after official verification of raw data |
| Revenue | Input after official verification of raw data |
| Export volume and value | Input after official verification of raw data |
| Major suppliers | Enter after verifying the raw data for the official country, quantity, and amount by HS code. |
| origin | Separate domestic and imported forest products |
| FTA | Origin, HS, Agreement Tariff Rates by Product Type, and Rules of Origin |
| Quarantine | Check country-specific plant quarantine conditions for seedlings, seeds, and plant bodies. |
| Import food inspection | Check the latest standards for pesticide residues, mycotoxins, microorganisms, etc. |
| allergy | Domestic Product Labeling and Buyer Manufacturing Process Management |
| Customs clearance unit price | Calculated after verifying the same HS code, period, quantity, and amount unit. |
7. Processing, By-products & PRP Intelligence
Products and processes | Key conditions | RFQ conversion |
| Harvested raw fruit | Cultivar · Maturity · Origin | Raw RFQ |
| dried walnut shells | Moisture, shell, insects | In-shell RFQ |
| Shelled walnut | Color · Whole/Half · Moisture | Kernel RFQ |
| Bantae | Half ratio/uniformity | Premium Ingredient |
| Pieces/Fragments | Size · Damage · Color | Bakery |
| Roasted walnuts | Roast · Flavor · Rancidity | Snack RFQ |
| powder | Particle size, moisture, fat | Bakery Ingredient |
| Paste | Particle size, viscosity, rancidity | Sauce/Filling |
| Walnut oil | Pressing, Refining, Rancidity | Oil RFQ |
| Confectionery and baking ingredients | Size, color, and foreign matter | B2B |
| Shell | Separation from food products | Fuel and biomaterials are verified separately |
| surgical skin | Separated from general food | Extraction and material utilization are verified by laws and research. |
| Damaged Kernel | When safety is compliant | Powder, paste |
| Discoloration and Mold on Kernel | Food Supply excluded | Verification of disposal and non-food conversion |
Product Research Profile (PRP)
PRP area | Key question |
| Cultivar | How do kernel size, color, shell thickness, and processing yield differ? |
| harvest | What is the relationship between exocarpal maturation and kernel quality? |
| dry | What are the optimal drying conditions to ensure storage stability? |
| peeling | What is the kernel recovery rate relative to the shell? |
| Whole/Half | What is the effect of the shelling process on the shelling rate? |
| color | How Brightness and Discoloration Affect Buyer Grade |
| save | How to Minimize Rancidity, Mold, and Pest Damage |
| stir-fry | What is the optimal Roast Profile based on kernel size? |
| Powder | What are the particle sizes for confectionery and the usability of broken kernels? |
| oil | How do the actual milking yield and rancidity stability compare to the kernel? |
| allergy | Is the management of cross-contact between processes adequate? |
| Buyer | What is the impact of domestic, imported, cultivar, and kernel grades on repurchase? |
8. AX Transformation
first of all | Execution item | Performance indicators |
| 1 | Species·Cultivar·Origin·Harvest Year·Lot required values | Required value completion rate |
| 2 | Separation of shelled walnuts, whole kernels, half pieces, powder, and oil products | Product identification rate |
| 3 | Linking weather, flowering, pollination, fruit set, and harvest data | Production history connection rate |
| 4 | Datafication of drying, moisture, test reports, storage, and processing history | Traceability rate |
| 5 | Forest Farmers – Forestry Cooperatives – Processing Enterprises – Distribution – Buyer RFQ Connection | RFQ Match Rate |
| 6 | Video AI Sorting Walnut Size and Defects | Automatic judgment accuracy |
| 7 | Video AI Kernel Color, Damage, and Half Detection | Grade judgment rate |
| 8 | Production volume and harvest time forecast | Error compared to actual |
| 9 | Prediction of drying completion time | Target moisture suitability rate |
| 10 | Mold and Pest Risk Scoring | Risk Lot Detection Rate |
| 11 | Prediction of storage rancidity | Quality claim rate |
| 12 | Dehulling · Half Yield Prediction | Error compared to actual |
| 13 | Domestic and Import Supply and Demand Forecast | Stockout and excess inventory rates |
| 14 | AI Supplier/Buyer Match | Sample→Contract Conversion Rate |
| 15 | Traceability | Nursery/Orchard → Buyer traceability rate |
9. Industry Problem Bank
Problem group | Problem Definition | Required data |
| Mixed varieties | Unmanaged differences in quality and yield by cultivar | Cultivar |
| Imga data distribution | Lack of connection between production, orchards, and lots | Producer · Orchard |
| Difference in receipt | Productivity variation by recipient | Tree Age |
| Flowering discrepancy | Variation in fruit set due to difference in flowering time between male and female | Flowering |
| extreme weather | Risk of frost, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall | Climate |
| Fluctuation in production volume | Variety, age, and weather influence | Yield |
| Harvesting time error | Discrepancy between outer shell maturation and kernel quality | Maturity |
| Delay in outer shell removal | Contamination, discoloration, and quality degradation | Time Log |
| Poor drying | Mold and reduced shelf life | Moisture |
| peeling loss | Lowering the kernel breakage and half-failure rates | Shelling Yield |
| Kernel color deviation | Buyer Grade difference | Color |
| insect pests | Damage during storage and production processes | Pest |
| rancidity | Deterioration of storage quality of high-fat seeds | Storage |
| Foreign matter/Shell contamination | Processed Product Safety and Claims | Foreign Matter |
| Allergy management | Walnut ingredient labeling · Cross-contact | Allergen Dataset |
| Domestic and Import Competition | Price and quality differences by origin | Origin·Price |
| Dispersion of test reports | Lot and safety data unconnected | Certificate |
| Repurchase not reflected | Buyer valuation is not fed back to Imga·Cultivar | Evaluation·Reorder |
10. Farmer RFQ & Collaboration Model
RFQ Type | Public Registration | Verify/NDA |
| Domestic procurement of shelled walnuts from producing regions | Region · Cultivar · Harvest Year | Rental price, quantity, unit price |
| Selling domestic walnut shells | Whole/Half · Color · Size | Lot · Price |
| Walnut purchase | Product type and specifications | MOQ · Actual Unit Price |
| Regular supply | Kernel Grade · Delivery Cycle | Contract volume and price |
| contract farming | Cultivar · Target Standard | Rental House, Area, and Contract Conditions |
| Forestry Cooperative Joint Shipment | Origin, Grade, Harvest Season | Volume and sorting facilities |
| Drying and peeling cooperation | Walnut shell, moisture, facility | Process yield and costs |
| Ingredients for stir-frying | Kernel Size · Moisture | Roast Yield |
| For confectionery and baking | Half-Piece Granule | Test Reports · MOQ |
| powder | Particle size and moisture | B2B standards |
| Paste | Viscosity and rancidity | Processing Contract |
| Walnut oil | Pressing/Refining Status | Oil yield and price |
| School and public meals | Country of Origin · Safety · Allergy | Delivery/Test Report |
| Korean traditional sweets and local specialties | Domestic walnuts · Regional | Local PB |
| import substitution | Comparison of domestic and imported products | Price · Quality · Lead Time |
| import | Origin · HS · Crop Year | Exporter · Actual Unit Price |
| PB·OEM | Stir-frying, snacks, confectionery, oil | Manufacturing conditions |
| Technology demonstration | Drying, Dehulling, and AI Sorting | Facilities and test conditions |
| Research cooperation | Cultivar · Storage · Yield · Processing | Dataset·IP |
11. RFQ Request First
① Need Products & Materials
Companies and institutions seeking necessary products, agricultural products, raw materials, and processed goods register purchasing demands. Registered requests are utilized to review cooperation with potential suppliers and producers based on the RFQ Intelligence Library.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Supplier/Product Review → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Matching
Register
② We are looking for production and manufacturing partners. (Need Suppliers & Manufacturers)
Register a request to find necessary production and supply partners, ranging from farms and producer organizations to processing companies, OEM, ODM, and private label manufacturers.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Review of Production & Manufacturing Capabilities → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Partner Matching
Register
③ We are looking for domestic and international buyers. (Need Buyers)
Farmers, producer organizations, and manufacturing companies are requesting cooperation with new buyers, such as domestic and international distributors, importers, brand companies, and food service and catering businesses.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Product & Supply Capability Review → Market & Buyer Connection → Future AI Buyer Matching
Register
Contact : mail@markethub.org
Version History
Version | Main contents | situation |
| v1.0 | Plant Identity · Domestic Forest Product Production · Variety · Shelled Walnut · Kernel · Drying · Shelling · Processing · Allergy · RFQ Basic Structure Registration | complete |
| v1.1 | Verification of official raw data for the 2024·2025 Forest Product Production Survey, production by city/county, HS code, import/export, and market | expected |
| v2.0 | Subdivision of quality standards for Cultivar, Harvest Maturity, Dryness, Kernel Grade, Half Yield, Rancidity, Roasting, Powder, Paste, and Oil | expected |
| v3.0 | Nursery–Forestry Household–Orchard–Forestry Cooperative–Dryer–Sheller–Processor–Buyer Verified Container Combination | expected |
